Science
Physics Calculators
Motion, forces, energy, waves, heat, optics and modern physics. Free calculators with formulas and worked examples.
Mechanics
Terminal Velocity CalculatorHow fast does a falling object end up going?Speed, Distance and Time CalculatorPick what you want to find and enter the other two values.Acceleration CalculatorFind acceleration from a change in speed over time.Projectile Motion CalculatorFind how far and how high a launched object travels.Force Calculator (F = ma)Find the net force needed to accelerate a mass.Free Fall CalculatorHow long does it take an object to fall, and how fast is it going when it lands?Centripetal Force CalculatorFind the inward force that keeps an object on a circular path.Inclined Plane CalculatorFind what happens to a block on a ramp.Momentum and Impulse CalculatorEnter mass and velocity, and optionally a force and the time it acts.Friction Force Calculator (Static and Kinetic)Enter the mass, the friction coefficients and the slope angle (0 for flat).SUVAT Calculator (Equations of Motion)Choose which three quantities you know and enter them.
Astronomy
Thermodynamics
Carnot Efficiency CalculatorThe upper limit set by the second law of thermodynamics.Stefan–Boltzmann Law Calculator (Radiated Power)Enter the surface temperature, area and emissivity.Wien's Law Calculator (Peak Wavelength from Temperature)Enter a temperature to find where its thermal glow peaks.Latent Heat Calculator (Melting and Boiling Energy)Enter the mass and choose the phase change.
Waves
Energy and work
Kinetic Energy CalculatorHow much energy does a moving object carry?Gravitational Potential Energy CalculatorFind the energy stored in an object raised to a height.Collision Calculator (1D, Elastic and Inelastic)Two objects collide along a line. What happens to their velocities?Work and Power CalculatorFind work in joules and power in watts.
Gravity and orbits
Oscillations and waves
Pendulum Period CalculatorHow long does one swing of a pendulum take?Hooke's Law Spring CalculatorFind the force and energy in a stretched spring.Snell's Law CalculatorFind the angle of refraction from the refractive indices and the angle of incidence.Thin Lens Equation CalculatorLocate the image formed by a converging or diverging lens.Doppler Effect CalculatorFind the shifted frequency of a moving siren or listener.
Matter and heat
Density CalculatorFind the density of a material from its mass and volume.Buoyancy CalculatorWill it float? Find the upthrust and the fraction submerged.Pressure CalculatorFind pressure from a force spread over an area.Ideal Gas Law CalculatorChoose the unknown and enter the other three gas properties.Specific Heat and Heat Energy CalculatorHow much energy does it take to change a temperature?Heat Conduction CalculatorHow much heat flows through a wall or window?
Nuclear and modern
Electricity and magnetism
Space
Weight on Other Planets CalculatorEnter your weight on Earth to see your weight on every planet.Age on Other Planets CalculatorEnter your birth date to see how old you are on each planet.Schwarzschild Radius Calculator (Black Hole Event Horizon)Enter the mass to find the radius of the event horizon.Rocket Equation Calculator (Tsiolkovsky Delta-v)Enter the engine's specific impulse and the stage masses.Orbital Velocity Calculator (Circular Orbit Speed and Period)Choose a body and enter the orbit altitude.Light-Year Calculator (Distance and Travel Time)Enter a distance in light-years and a travel speed.
Fluids
Drag Force Calculator (Drag Equation)Enter the speed, drag coefficient and frontal area.Reynolds Number Calculator (Laminar or Turbulent Flow)Enter the fluid properties, speed and pipe diameter or length.Hydrostatic Pressure Calculator (Pressure at Depth)Enter the depth and choose the liquid.Air Density Calculator (Temperature, Pressure, Humidity)Enter the temperature, pressure and humidity.
Modern physics
Electromagnetism
Rotation
Waves and sound
About these calculators
Work through textbook and real-world physics problems quickly: kinematics, forces, energy, gravity, waves, optics, heat and relativity. Each calculator states its formula and units, and shows a worked example so you can check your own working.
Each calculator explains its formula, includes a worked example and lists its sources. Read how we check them on our editorial policy page, or browse all calculators.
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