Science
Biology Calculators
Genetics, cell biology, population growth, lab dilutions and ecology. Free calculators with formulas and worked examples.
Genetics
Punnett Square Calculator (Monohybrid and Dihybrid)Pick each parent's genotype to see the chances of each offspring genotype and phenotype.Blood Type Calculator (Child's Possible ABO and Rh Type)Choose each parent's ABO genotype and Rh genotype to see the child's possible blood types.Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium CalculatorEnter the share of people with the recessive trait, or genotype counts, to get allele and carrier frequencies.Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Calculator (Genetic Ratios)Enter observed counts and the expected ratio to test the fit.
Microbiology
Lab maths
Serial Dilution CalculatorEnter the starting concentration, dilution factor and number of steps to plan a serial dilution.Hemocytometer Cell Count CalculatorEnter your counts and dilution to get cells per mL and viability.Centrifuge RPM to RCF (g-Force) CalculatorConvert between RPM and g-force for your rotor radius.Microscope Magnification and Field of View CalculatorEnter your eyepiece, objective and field number to get magnification and field of view.
Molecular biology
DNA and RNA Concentration Calculator (A260)Enter your A260 reading and dilution to get the concentration and yield.DNA Copy Number Calculator (ng to Copies)Enter the DNA mass and length to get the number of copies.Ligation Calculator (Insert to Vector Molar Ratio)Enter vector amount, both lengths and the molar ratio to get the insert mass.GC Content and Sequence Calculator (Reverse Complement)Paste a DNA or RNA sequence to analyse its GC content and get the reverse complement.Primer Melting Temperature (Tm) CalculatorPaste a primer sequence to estimate its melting temperature.DNA to Protein Translation Tool (Codon Translator)Paste a DNA or RNA coding sequence to see the amino acid sequence.
Physiology
Ecology
Population Growth Calculator (Exponential and Logistic)Enter the starting population, growth rate and time to project its size.Mark and Recapture Population Calculator (Lincoln-Petersen)Enter the number marked, the second sample size and the recaptures to estimate the population.Shannon and Simpson Diversity Index CalculatorEnter the number of individuals of each species to get diversity indices.
About these calculators
Calculators for biology students and lab work: Punnett squares and Hardy-Weinberg, cell and bacterial growth, DNA and protein maths, dilutions, population ecology and more. Every page explains the model and its assumptions.
Each calculator explains its formula, includes a worked example and lists its sources. Read how we check them on our editorial policy page, or browse all calculators.
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Please note: TheCalcTools gives general estimates for information and education. It is not financial, medical, legal or tax advice, and results should be checked before you make a decision. See our disclaimer and about page.