Physics

Doppler Effect Calculator

Find the shifted frequency of a moving siren or listener.

Your numbers

Your results

Observed frequency (Hz)
Observed frequency (Hz)
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Shift (Hz)
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Observed wavelength (m)
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Doppler Effect Calculator by TheCalcTools

How the Doppler Effect Calculator works

Enter the source frequency, the speed of the source toward the observer and the speed of the observer toward the source.

Use negative speeds for motion away.

The observed frequency changes by the ratio of the relative wave speeds.

The formula

f′ = f × (c + vₒ) ÷ (c − vₛ)

Worked example

Using the default values shown in the calculator:

Source frequency (Hz)440
Source speed toward observer (m/s)30
Observer speed toward source (m/s)0
Wave speed (m/s)343
  1. An ambulance at 30 m/s approaches while emitting 440 Hz.
  2. f′ = 440 × 343 ÷ (343 − 30) = 482.17 Hz.
  3. The pitch rises by 42.17 Hz.

Result:

Observed frequency (Hz)482.17
Shift (Hz)42.17
Observed wavelength (m)0.7114

Frequently asked questions

Why does a passing siren drop in pitch?

As it approaches, wavefronts are compressed (higher pitch). After it passes, they are stretched (lower pitch).

Does it apply to light?

Yes, with relativistic corrections. It gives redshift and blueshift in astronomy and is used in radar speed guns.

Sources and further reading

More in Physics · All calculators

This calculator gives estimates for information only. Check important results independently before you rely on them. See our disclaimer.