Energy & Environment

Solar Battery Size Calculator (Home Backup kWh)

Enter the load and backup time to find the battery capacity you need.

Your numbers

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About 90% for lithium iron phosphate, 50% for lead-acid
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Your results

Battery capacity (kWh)
Battery capacity (kWh)
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At your bank voltage (Ah)
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Energy delivered (kWh)
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Days of backup per 10 kWh battery at this load
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Solar Battery Size Calculator (Home Backup kWh) by TheCalcTools

How the Solar Battery Size Calculator (Home Backup kWh) works

Energy needed = average load × backup hours. Batteries should not be fully discharged, and the inverter loses some energy, so the nominal capacity must be larger.

Size for your real average load, not the sum of every appliance’s rating, and add margin for cold temperatures and battery ageing.

The formula

Capacity (kWh) = load (W) × hours ÷ 1000 ÷ DoD ÷ efficiency; Ah = kWh × 1000 ÷ V

Worked example

Using the default values shown in the calculator:

Average load during backup (W)800
Backup time (hours)8
Usable depth of discharge90 %
Inverter and battery efficiency90 %
Battery bank voltage (V)48
  1. 800 W × 8 h = 6.4 kWh delivered.
  2. ÷ 0.9 DoD ÷ 0.9 efficiency = 7.90 kWh, or 165 Ah at 48 V.

Result:

Battery capacity (kWh)7.90
At your bank voltage (Ah)165
Energy delivered (kWh)6.40
Days of backup per 10 kWh battery at this load0.42

Frequently asked questions

How big a battery do I need to run a fridge overnight?

A fridge averages about 50 to 100 W, so 12 hours needs 0.6 to 1.2 kWh delivered, about 0.8 to 1.5 kWh of lithium battery.

Sources and further reading

More in Energy & Environment · All calculators

This calculator gives estimates for information only. Check important results independently before you rely on them. See our disclaimer.