Normality Calculator
Convert molarity to normality, or find normality from mass and volume.
Your numbers
H⁺ ions per acid molecule, OH⁻ per base, or electrons transferred in a redox reaction
Your results
Normality (N, eq/L)
Normality (N, eq/L)
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Molarity (mol/L)
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Equivalent weight (g/eq)
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Normality Calculator by TheCalcTools
How the Normality Calculator works
Normality counts reactive units: equivalents per litre. One mole of H2SO4 gives 2 moles of H⁺, so 1 M sulfuric acid is 2 N for acid-base reactions.
Normality depends on the reaction. IUPAC discourages it in favour of molarity, but it is still common in titration and water-treatment work.
The formula
N = M × n; equivalent weight = molar mass ÷ n
Worked example
Using the default values shown in the calculator:
| Start from | Molarity |
|---|---|
| Molarity (mol/L) | 0.5 |
| Mass of solute (g) | 4.9 |
| Molar mass (g/mol) | 98.079 |
| Solution volume | 1 |
| Equivalents per mole (n) | 2 |
- 0.5 M H2SO4 × 2 equivalents = 1.0 N.
Result:
| Normality (N, eq/L) | 1.0000 |
|---|---|
| Molarity (mol/L) | 0.5000 |
| Equivalent weight (g/eq) | 49.039 |
Frequently asked questions
What is n for HCl, H2SO4 and H3PO4?
1, 2 and up to 3 respectively for full neutralisation.
Sources and further reading
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This calculator gives estimates for information only. Check important results independently before you rely on them. See our disclaimer.